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Subject: 
Biology

Nonbook Book

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Recrystallization

Recrystallization is a laboratory technique for purifying solids. The key features of this technique is causing a solid to go into solution, and then gradually allowing the dissolved solid to crystallize. Sounds easy, doesn’t it? It is actually a very challenging process to get completely right. The goal, is to obtain a compound in high purity as uniform crystals. Recrystallization is therefore a purification technique.

Organic chemistry is an art-form and a craft. In research, we often talk about candidates that “have it”, the “magic touch” to get a compound analytically pure, or solve a very difficult synthetic challenge. In this chapter we will go through some common techniques that you will encounter in the organic chemistry labs. The aim of this chapter is not to give you a comprehensive introduction in the theory behind these techniques, but to highlight technical aspects to make sure you also develop this “magic touch.” We will discuss recrystallization, distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, TLC, chromatography and lastly sublimation.

Subject: 
Chemistry

Reading, Drawing And Understanding; The Power Of Visualization

There are several reasons why a systematic plan for preparation is so integral to a laboratory experience, but it boils down to the fact that an organic chemist must have information that far supersedes the information provided in a typical lab manual. When you are performing an experiment, there is little time to look up densities, perform calculations, look up safety and hazard information for chemicals and do any in-depth research on the theory behind the techniques you use. You must bring all this information with you.

Laboratory courses can be magical. They can be enlightening experiences that open your eye to a big picture. A laboratory experience should work in tandem with a lecture course, and fully realize concepts, techniques and reactions that you have heard of. Unfortunately, they can also be discouraging experiences. One of the key factors that dictates which experience you will have, is preparation.

A rewarding aspect of a well-prepared experiment is that it can firmly cement the information that you have obtained through studying in a way that is far superior to simply reading about it. Your knowledge evolves beyond routine memorizing to real understanding, because you have seen the reaction and principles with your own eyes. The synergy between a lecture course and a lab component should not be underestimated.

In this chapter I outline a systematic way of preparing for any organic chemistry experiment to ensure that you succeed in the laboratory and that you leave with an optimal experience. Seeing, after all, is believing. I discuss how to make and use the flow diagrams, how to obtain relevant safety information about the chemicals you are handling, and how to use your note-book to prepare efficiently.

 

Subject: 
Chemistry

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Subject: 
Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry

Course Intro: 

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Proin eget tortor risus. Curabitur arcu erat, accumsan id imperdiet et, porttitor at sem. Praesent sapien massa, convallis a pellentesque nec, egestas non nisi. Nulla porttitor accumsan tincidunt. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

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Subject: 
Chemistry
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